Sovet qoşunlarının Bakıya yeridilməsinin istiqamətləri

 

 Böyük itkilərlə, günahsız insanların qətli ilə nəticələnən 20 Yanvar faciəsi Qorbaçov başda olmaqla cinayətkar imperiya rəhbərliyinin Azərbaycana qarşı xəyanətkar siyasətinə dözməyən, öz azadlığına, müstəqilliyinə can atan xalqımızın həm də mübarizliyini, əyilməzliyini, məğrurluğunu nümayiş etdirdi.

Məhz bunun nəticəsində uzun illərdən bəri arzusunda olduğumuz müstəqilliyə qovuşduq və ölkəmiz suverenlik əldə etdi. Bu qanlı hadisələrdən illər keçməsinə baxmayaraq, xalqımız o müdhiş gecəni daim xatırlayır, bu faciəni törədənlərə öz dərin nifrətini bildirir. Xalqımızın qan yaddaşında əbədi yaşayacaq 20 Yanvar faciəsini respublikamız hər il ümumxalq hüzn günü kimi geniş qeyd edir.

1990-cı il yanvarın 19-dan 20-nə keçən gecə Azərbaycanın o vaxtkı rəhbərliyinin istəyi və SSRİ rəhbərliyinin əmri ilə Azərbaycanda kommunist rejimini saxlamaq və milli azadlıq hərəkatını boğmaq məqsədilə Bakıya böyük bir ordu (rəsmi rəqəm 35 mini göstərir) yeridilmişdi. SSRİ Müdafiə Nazirliyi, DİN və DTK-nın hazırlayıb həyata keçirdiyi «Udar» adlı əməliyyatda əsas rolu xüsusi təyinatlı «ALFA» və SSRİ DTK-sının «A» təxribat qrupları oynayırdı. Sovet qoşunlarının təcavüzü nəticəsində Bakıda 134 mülki vətəndaş öldürülmüş, 600-dən çox adam yaralanmışdı. Öldürülənlər arasında beş millətin nümayəndələri, 20-dən çox qadın, uşaq var idi. «Qara Yanvar»ın indiyədək özündə saxladığı sirlər çoxdur. 100 cildlik istintaq materialının 69 cildi Bakıdan Moskvaya, keçmiş SSRİ Prokurorluğuna aparılıb və bir daha geri qaytarılmayıb.

«Qanlı Yanvar»ın 14-cü ildönümü tamam olur. 1990-cı ilin 20 Yanvarından ötən illəri ilk növbədə ümumxalq kədəri, hüzn kimi qeyd etmişik, şəhidlərimizin ruhunu sızıntı ilə anmışıq. Amma bir şeyi unutmamalıyıq ki, 20 Yanvar Azərbaycan xalqının tarixində, sadəcə, ağı və acı ilə xatırlanacaq gün deyil. 20 Yanvar Azərbaycan xalqının şan və şərəf günüdür. Unutmamalıyıq ki, həmin gün küçələri boyamış şəhid qanları bir anlamda milli məfkurəmizin oyanan günəşinin qırmızı şəfəqini simvolizə edirdi. Xalqımız həmin gün üstünə şığıyan dəhşətli kabusa, sovet hərbiyyəsinin qorxunc qaragüruhuna qarşı sinəsini verməyi və deməli, özünün mənliyini və mətinliyini nümayiş etdirməyi bacardı.
Məhz həmin hadisələr bilavasitə nümayiş etdirdi ki, Azərbaycan xalqı özgürlük mübarizəsinə qalxmaq, pozulmuş hüquqlarının, suverenliyinin bərpa olunması uğrunda savaşmaq əzminə sahibdir. 1990-cı ilin 20 Yanvarı Azərbaycanın iqtiqlaliyyət yolunun ilk şəhidlik zirvəsi idi.

Azərbaycanın azadlığı və ərazi bütövlüyü uğrunda mübarizə tarixinə qəhrəmanlıq səhifəsi kimi daxil olmuş 1990-cı ilin 20 Yanvarında ölkəmizə qarşı ərazi iddiaları irəli sürən Ermənistanın təcavüzkar hərəkətlərindən və keçmiş SSRİ rəhbərliyinin onlara havadarlığından hiddətlənən, Bakının küçələrinə və meydanlarına çıxaraq buna öz qəti etirazını bildirən geniş xalq kütlələrinə qarşı sovet ordusunun döyüş hissələrinin yeridilməsi Azərbaycanda misli görünməmiş faciəyə gətirib çıxardı. Həmin faciəli günlərdə öz ölkəsinin, xalqının azadlığını, şərəf və ləyaqətini hər şeydən uca tutan mərd Vətən övladları canlarından keçərək şəhidlik zirvəsinə ucaldılar. Böyük itkilərlə, günahsız insanların qətli ilə nəticələnən 20 Yanvar faciəsi Qorbaçov başda olmaqla cinayətkar imperiya rəhbərliyinin Azərbayc qarşı xəyanətkar siyasətinə dözməyən, öz azadlığına, müstəqilliyinə can atan xalqımızın həm də mübarizliyini, əyilməzliyini, məğrurluğunu nümayiş etdirdi. Məhz bunun nəticəsində uzun illərdən bəri arzusunda olduğumuz müstəqilliyə qovuşduq və ölkəmiz suverenlik əldə etdi.

 Bu qanlı hadisələrdən illər keçməsinə baxmayaraq, xalqımız o müdhiş gecəni daim xatırlayır, bu faciəni törədənlərə öz dərin nifrətini bildirir. Xalqımızın qan yaddaşında əbədi yaşayacaq 20 Yanvar faciəsini respublikamız hər il ümumxalq hüzn günü kimi geniş qeyd edir.

Rus dilində:

20 января 1990 года — героическая страница борьбы нашего народа за свободу

Введение 20 января 1990 года, в день вошедшим в историю борьбы за свободу и территориальную целостность Азербайджана как страница героизма, боевых частей советской армии, направленных против широких народных масс, вышедших на улицы и площади Баку, чтобы выразить протест агрессивным действиям Армении, которая выдвигала территориальные претензии к нашей стране, против оказываемого ей со стороны руководства бывшего СССР покровительства, привело к невиданной трагедии в Азербайджане. В те трагические дни доблестные сыны и дочери Родины, для которых свобода, честь и достоинство страны и народа были превыше всего, пожертвовали собственными жизнями и возвысились до вершины шехидства. Приведшая к большим потерям и истреблению безвинных людей трагедия 20 января продемонстрировала боевитость, непреклонность и гордость нашего народа, который, не стерпев предательской по отношению к Азербайджану политики руководства преступной империи во главе с Горбачевым, стремился к свободе и независимости. Именно в результате этого мы обрели независимость, о которой мечтали многие годы, и наша страна добилась суверенитета.

Несмотря на то, что после тех кровавых событий прошло несколько лет, наш народ всегда помнит ту страшную ночь и выражает свое глубокое презрение учинившим эту трагедию. Наша республика ежегодно широко отмечает день трагедии 20 января, которая увековечена в кровной памяти нашего народа, как День всенародной скорби.

20 January 1990 is a day, which went down in history of the struggle for the freedom and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, as a heroism page. Leading of the battle divisions of the Soviet army aimed against wide mass who out in the streets and squares of Baku to protest against aggressive actions of Armenia, which was raising territorial claims to our country, against protection rendered to this country by the government of the former USSR had brought to the unprecedented tragedy in Azerbaijan. On those terrible days valiant sons and daughters of our Motherland, the country's freedom, honor and dignity of whom was above all, sacrificed their own lives and rose to the top of shahid.Tragedy of January 20, which brought to huge losses and destruction of innocent people, demonstrated martial spirit, inexorability and pride of our nation, which couldn't stand the policy of the government of Gorbachev headed criminal empire treacherous towards Azerbaijan, intended to the freedom and independence. As a result of it, we gained our independence many years we had been dreaming of and our country had achieved sovereignty.

   

19 января в кинотеатре Баку состоялся вечер памяти жертв январской трагедии. Мероприятие было организовано Координационным Советом Азербайджанской Молодежи(КСАМ) при содействии МРО ВАК.
В холле кинотеатра стоял траурно оформленный стенд. Фотографии шахидов, вырезки из статей , обрамляющие стенд и лежащие у основания красные гвоздики, мысленно переносили нас в Шехидляр Хиябаны(Аллею Шехидов).
… Как зловеща смерть, как бессильны мы перед ней. Она уровняла в тот день всех… детей, женщин, молодых и стариков.

Организаторы вечера подготовили для всех присутствующих траурные ленты , которые создавали ощущение общей сопричастности всех одной беде.
Вечер памяти собрал как молодежь, так и представителей старшего поколения, очевидцев того трагичного дня…

Вступительным словом вечер открыл лидер КСАМ — Сиявуш Мамедов, попросив аудиторию почтить память жертв минутой молчания. Прозвучал гимн Азербайджана.
Вечер продолжился показом слайдов, отобразивших кадры тех трагических событий. Обстрелянные дома, разбитая машина скорой помощи, пронзенные пулями тела людей, похоронные процессии, плачущие лица родных, детей, держащих в руках фотографии своих отцов, матерей, братьев…
Член КСАМ Асим Гаджиев, напомнил присутствующим исторические факты трагической гибели некоторых шахидов.

Далее слово было предоставлено бывшему представителю Азербайджана в ЮНЕСКО Рамизу Абуталыбову. Рамиз меллим отметил, что пройдет время и мы узнаем всю правду , точную историю этих событий. Говорил о виновниках этих событий. В заключении, он сказал, что долг молодежи сегодня — не забывать о героях черного января и ежегодно отмечать такие даты.

В завершении вечера Сиявуш Мамедов напомнил слова одного из шехидов:
«Я, Буниятзаде Ульви Юсиф оглы, в первый и последний раз в жизни клянусь перед своей совестью: никогда не забуду,что я представитель этого народа, буду свято почитать Азербайджанскую землю, всегда олицетворявшую собой честь и мужество, - бороться против всех, кто попытается запятнать ее; буду достойным сыном своей земли, верным своим убеждениям, происхождению, азербайджанской крови, текущей в моих жилах, никогда не поддаваться трусости, подлости, низости, раболепию, любой ценой стремиться к утверждению своего азербайджанского «Я».
Эти слова прозвучали как лозунг , как призыв к нам , будущему поколению Азербайджана.
Мы верим , что каждый из нас будет гордиться и любить свою Родину, не забывать историю, делать вывод из происшедших событий и не позволять повторять ошибки. И быть вместе, ведь ВМЕСТЕ-МЫ СИЛА!

Пуля могла настигнуть любого, кто в этот день был в Баку…

Как это было…Мои воспоминания.
20 января , 1990 года, будучи еще ребенком, я тоже была в Баку. Никогда не сотрутся в памяти события этого дня.

Вечер… вдруг отключили телевидение, замолчало радио, выключился свет, все соседи собрались у нас. Под светом свечи, взрослые пытались найти хоть какую-нибудь волну в радиоприемнике, чтобы узнать, хоть что-то…
Мужчины все ушли…
Помню ощущение тревоги, страха на лицах близких, когда с грохотом пролетели над домом низколетящие вертолеты. Помню крик мамы «Не подходи к окну!!!!!!»

Утро… нескончаемые разговоры , заплаканные лица мамы и соседей, а потом похороны моей подружки(соседская девочка, которая всегда играла со мной)- Лариса Мамедова- маленькая жертва необъявленной войны…Никогда не забуду похороны Ларисы, до боли знакомые школьная форма, пионерский галстук и ранец…
История ее смерти тоже очень трагична. Она возвращалась с отцом с района(со свадьбы). Автобус, в котором находились она и ее отец был обстрелян. Лариса была ранена в сердце и вскоре скончалась. Отца ранили, и он не смог оказать ей помощь…

Каждый год, бывая в Баку — я прихожу на Шехидляр Хиябаны и кладу на их могилы живые цветы…

Вас нет… но в сердцах всех нас Вы живете и будете жить всегда… Аллах рехмет елесинь…

                            
  

Fifth year of mourning and commemoration

Late at night on January 19, 1990, Soviet troops stormed Baku. They acted pursuant to a state of emergency declared by the USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium, signed by President Gorbachev and disclosed to the Azerbaijani public only after many citizens lay wounded or dead in the streets, hospitals and morgues of Baku.

More than 130 people died from wounds received that night and during subsequent violent confrontations and incidents that lasted into February; the majority of these were civilians killed by Soviet soldiers. More than 700 civilians were wounded. Hundreds of people were detained, only a handful of whom were put on trial for alleged criminal offenses. Civil liberties were severely curtailed.

The behavior of Soviet armed forces in Baku must be judged in the context of their actual mission. Mikhail Gorbachev’s use of force in Baku was nothing but the desperate attempt to stop dissolution of Communist ruling in Azerbaijan. The Soviet army was trying to rescue the totalitarian regime, the rule of Communist Party and Soviet empire.

Then-USSR Defense Minister Dimitri Yazov stated that the use of force in Baku was intended to prevent the de facto takeover of the Azerbaijani government by the nonCommunist opposition, to prevent their victory in upcoming free elections (scheduled for March 1990), to destroy them as a political force, and to ensure that the Communist government remained in power.

Human Rights Watch report, entitled ”Black January in Azerbaijan», states: «Indeed, the violence used by the Soviet Army on the night of January 19—20 was so out of proportion to the resistance offered by Azerbaijanis as to constitute an exercise in collective punishment. Since Soviet officials have stated publicly that the purpose of /he intervention of Soviet troops was to prevent the ouster of the Communist-dominated government of the Republic of Azerbaijan by the nationalist-minded, nonCommunist opposition, the punishment inflicted on Baku by Soviet soldiers may have been intended as a warning to nationalists, not only in Azerbaijan, but in the other Republics of the Soviet Union.»

«The subsequent events in the Balfic Republics – where, in a remarkable parallel to the events in Baku, alleged civil disorder was cited as justification for violent intervention by Soviet troops – further confirms that the Soviet Government has demonstrated that it will deal harshly with nationalist movements,» continues the Human Rights Watch report.

The Wall Street Journal editorial of January 4, 1995 stated: «It was Mr. Gorbachev, recall, who in January 1990 chose to defend his use of violence against the independence-seeking Azerbaijan on the grounds that the people of this then-Soviet republic were heavily armed gangs of hooligans and drug-traffickers who were destabilizing the country and quite possibly receiving support from foreign governments.»

Gross violation of human rights and mass manslaughter in Azerbaijan caused little reaction of Western powers. Mikhail Gorbachev’s regime was adamantly supported against «heavily armed gangs of hooligans and drug-traffickers.»

The brutal use of force in Azerbaijan created an anti-force. It buried chances of preserving the collapsing empire and resurrected national movement for independence.

In 1991 Azerbaijan became independent.

VICTIMS

Years ago Soviet troops invaded Baku, and, by night, committed slaughter among peaceful defenseless population on the streets of the city. 170* people were killed — children and old people, men and women. Herewith the name-list of those people; all of them died the same time — January 19—20, 1990 (Gara Yanvar)

      JANUARY 20, 1990 IS A SPECIAL DAY IN AZERBAIJAN'S HISTORY

January 20 is a very important day for Americans because that is the day every four years when the President is inaugurated. But it is also one of the most important, if not the most important, date in the history of Azerbaijan.

It was on Saturday, January 20, 1990, that 26,000 Soviet troops under orders from Mikhail Gorbachev invaded Baku, killed one hundred and forty innocent civilians, and set in motion the events which led to Azerbaijan's independence a year and a half later. The significance of the events in Baku on January 20, 1990, cannot be overestimated. Peaceful demonstrations had been taking place for several weeks in downtown Baku, protesting Soviet control of Azerbaijan and the arbitrary decisions (dictated by Moscow) of local communist officials.

In fact, Azerbaijan was the first of the former Soviet republics to mount a serious move toward independence, and it was the prospect of a breakup of the Soviet empire that prompted Gorbachev to send both armored troops and KGB officials to Baku. He succeeded temporarily in preventing independence, but he was unable to stop the quest for freedom, and, in fact, accelerated the process by enhancing nationalistic feelings among all Azerbaijani people.

It is interesting now, seven years later, to look back at those events and the world's reaction at the time. Gorbachev, of course, was something of a hero in the West because of his policies of glasnost and perestroikavv. But, in fact, Gobachev had no intention of breaking up the Soviet Union he merely wanted to «reform» communism to extend its life.

The Washington Post reported on January 21, 1990, that the situation in Azerbaijan had «presented Gorbachev with his 'gravest crisis' since taking power in March, 1985.» On January 23, The Washington Times reported that some Soviet experts warned, «that Azerbaijan could become Moscow's next Afghanistan, but some U.S. experts believe that it might become the Kremlin's Northern Ireland.»

Throughout the 70 years of Soviet reign, Moscow used ethnic differences and tensions to maintain internal control. Stalin was master of the divide and conquers game. He transplanted thousands of people of various ethnic backgrounds to either dilute their strength or to counter other ethnic groups. In Azerbaijan's case, he expelled several hundred thousands of Azerbaijanis from Armenia and gave a strip of land to Armenia that separated Azerbaijan from its region of Nakhichevan, both to internally divide Azerbaijanis and to prevent a direct link between Azerbaijan proper and Turkey.

In 1988, the ethnic conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan began when ethnic Armenians in the Azerbaijani region of Nagorny Karabakh unilaterally declared their independence. While neither the Soviet Union nor any other nation gave recognition to this unilateral declaration of independence, reactionary forces used the conflict to keep Armenians and Azerbaijanis divided and, therefore, under tight Soviet control.

Soviet army and Spetznaz troops fired indiscriminately at civilians, some of whom were merely watching events from their windows or the sidewalks. Ambulances carrying the wounded were fired upon. The Washington Post reported on January 22 that a Russian photographer told the Western reporters in Moscow, who were banned from travelling to Baku, that «Soviet soldiers fired at almost anything that moved in the early hours of their occupation.» Again in classic Soviet fashion, Soviet military authorities announced on January 23 that no one had been killed in Baku singe the Saturday invasion, while at the same time more than one million Azerbaijanis gathered to mourn the dead who were buried in a park overlooking Baku, now known as the Martyr's Cemetery.

The West, fearful of undermining Gorbachev, was very circumspect in its reaction. The press reported on January 26 that President Bush said Gorbachev had done a «remarkable job» in handling the situation in Azerbaijan and that British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher told the House of Commons she had «great sympathy» for Gorbachev as «he tries to keep his nation from unravelling.» The Washington Post reported on January 21 that the White House «expressed regret at the 'already heavy loss of life' in Azerbaijan, and called 'upon all involved to act with restraint in the use of force and to show respect for the rule of law and the rights of individuals concerned.»

A more candid assessment of the West's reaction came in a January 21 Washington Post dispatch: «As ethnic strife and secessionist pressures buffet the Soviet Union, U.S. officials have been forced to acknowledge that the United States has a stake in President Mikhail Gorbachev's survival that now outweighs the old Cold War hope that the U.S. S. R. might fragment or fall apart.» What the West failed to comprehend was that the events in Baku that January seven years ago were for Azerbaijan no different from what happened in Budapest, Hungary, in 1956 and Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968.

While some in the West may have been fooled by Gorbachev's justifications, the Azerbaijani people were not fooled. They instinctively knew — as did the people of Hungary and Czechoslovakia — that what was happening was the destruction of their freedom. That's why thousands of Azerbaijanis surrounded Communist Party headquarters demanding the resignation of the republic's leadership. That's why thousands of Azerbaijanis in Turkey rallied near Turkey's border with Azerbaijan. That's why the Baku City Council demanded that Soviet troops be withdrawn. That's why even the Soviet legislature in Azerbaijan condemned the occupation as «unconstitutional» and threatened to call a referendum on secession unless Soviet troops were withdrawn within 48 hours. That's why there were reports of mutiny by Soviet Azerbaijani military cadets, and why Azerbaijani oil tankers blocked Soviet naval vessels from reaching the Baku harbor.

Despite a news blackout, hundreds of Azerbaijanis in Moscow used short-wave radios to listen to Voice of America and BBC to learn what was happening in Baku. Many of these Azerbaijanis gathered in Moscow seeking information and demanding explanations. At that point, on the day after the invasion, Azerbaijan's current President Heydar Aliyev — who was living in retirement in Moscow — made his first public appearance since his resignation from the Soviet Politburo and Government in 1987. He broke the information blockade in Moscow concerning the Soviet attack, and strongly urged international condemnation of the invasion.

Soviet troops were eventually withdrawn from Baku, but political control was maintained for almost another two years until Azerbaijan's parliament declared independence in October, 1991. Azerbaijan has maintained its independence for five years, despite lingering economic and social problems from the Soviet era, and despite the military occupation of 20 percent of Azerbaijan by Armenia. The Republic of Azerbaijan has a freely elected president and parliament, the beginnings of free market reforms led by the energy sector, and, most importantly, no foreign troops on its soil. Yes, January 20 is an important date in American political history. It symbolizes American democracy and freedom. By the same token, January 20 is perhaps the most important date in the history of the new Republic of Azerbaijan. For it was on that date that the citizens of Azerbaijan stood up to Soviet bullets and tanks; martyrs gave their lives to begin the struggle for freedom from communism and dictatorship. Indeed, January 20, 1990, in Baku, Azerbaijan, the fate of the Soviet empire was sealed, because it quickly became apparent that even the might of the Soviet military could not extinguish the hopes and dreams of a people seeking freedom and independence.

 
January, 21 1990

The tragedy of January, 20 has evoked anger and indignation of the progressive forces all over the world. The radio stations of many countries broadcasted full information about the January tragedy and damned imperial forces.

The city awoke by the night tragedy only in the morning, 6—7 hours after declaration of the state of emergency in Baku, listened the Decree of Gorbachev and the order of the city commandant by the radio. Disorders by troops entered into the city have continued, the people have perished, and these events continued for several days.

January, 22 1990

The extreme session of the Supreme Council of the Azerbaijani SSR held on January, 22 1990 at request of the people and initiative of the group of deputies tried to evaluate the January events and adopted some documents.

The session adopted the Decree of the Supreme Council of the Azerbaijani SSR “On cancellation of the state of emergency in Baku city”.

The appeals to the USSR Supreme Council, Supreme Councils of union republics, parliaments of all countries of the world, UN as well as to all nationals and peoples living in the Azerbaijani SSR also were adopted at this session. Questions about legal evaluation of the events were risen at this session and the deputy investigation commission was created.

This day Baku bid farewell to the sons and daughters of Azerbaijan perished as a result of the January tragedy. Millions people have gathered at the Lenin square. The funeral procession reached Upland park in Baku — the highest place in the city which was chosen as the place of burial of the victims of this terrible tragedy. They became the heroes for the next generations and the shehids (martyrs) perished for independence of Azerbaijan.

In 1994 according to the decree of the President of the Azerbaijan Republic Heydar Aliyev “On conducting of the fourth anniversary of the tragedy of January, 20” Milli Mejlis (parliament) after holding special meeting adopted resolution “On tragic events took place in Baku on January, 20 1990” where the events of tragic January, 1990 were given political and legal evaluation for the first time.

The Decrees of the President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev of December, 16 1999 “On the 10th anniversary of the tragedy of January, 1990” and of January, 17 2000 “On awarding of honorary title “Shehid (Martyr) of January, 20” (where all the victims of the tragedy are listed) once more showed the deepest respect to the tragic history of our people.

Azerbaijani people remember and revere memory of all fallen heroes who sacrificed their lives for independence and territorial integrity of Azerbaijan.

May they rest in peace!

 
12 years pass from January events of 1990s which entered to the history of Azerbaijan as Bloody Tragedy of January. Spiritual, ideological and political aggression against Azerbaijan during 70 years came up on the military desk with January 20 events. The purpose of this terror was the physical death of Azerbaijanian people.

Over the night from 19 to 20-th January, 1990 without preliminary declaration of the state of emergency military units of former Soviet Union were entered into Baku city and some regions of Azerbaijan. The invasion into Baku of a large contingent of Soviet Army units, interior troops and special destination detachments was accompanied by particular cruelty and unprecedented atrocities. Reprisals were inflicted toward peace population, hundreds of people were killed, wounded, missing.

In total as a result of illegal entering of troops into Baku city and regions of the republic 133 men were killed, 611 men — wounded, 841 men — illegally arrested and 5 — missing. The soldiers sacked and burnt 200 houses and apartments, 80 automobiles, including ambulance cars, the state and personal property with total worth 5637286 rubles was destroyed. Women, children and old men, as well as ambulance and militia employees also were among the killed persons.

Entering of troops and introduction of the state of emergency in Baku were rough violence of the USSR Constitution (article 119), Constitution of the Azerbaijani SSR (article 71), International Pact “On civil and political rights” of 1966 (article 1) and the sovereign rights of the Azerbaijan Republic.

The illegal declaration of the state of emergency in Baku, invasion of armed forces into the city and severe violence against the peace population with use of heavy equipment and killing weapons under conditions of full lack of any resistance from the population was the crime against the Azerbaijani people.

It was proved that individual military men acting under conditions of the state of emergency implemented inhuman actions that may qualify them according to the Decree of International Military Tribunal, Genevan Conventions on protection of victims of war of 1949, Additional protocols I and II of 1977 to them, and Criminal Code of Azerbaijan as military criminals. In fact all acting international conventions on human rights including Common Declaration on human rights of 1948, International Pact on civil and political rights of 1966, international pact on economic, social and cultural rights of 1966, Final act of Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe of 1975, Final document of Viennese meeting of CSCE of 1989, Declaration on protection of women and children in emergency and armed conflicts of 1974, Convention on child’s rights of 1989, acting conventions regulating waging of war, in particular, 4th Hague Convention about the rule and customs of land war of 1967 were violated. The military men shot the people point-blank with particular cruelty, tanks and armored troop-carrier specially rode into cars to kill the people sat in them, fired on the hospitals, prevented medical staff to help to the wounded persons. Personnel of troops finished the wounded persons off, killed by bayonets, use bullets with 5,45 caliber in Kalashnikov submachine gun, which not only wound the man, but increase his suffering and do his death inevitable.

The bloody tragedy took place in Baku in January, 1990 showed anti-national character of totalitarian regime when USSR armed forces were again used not for protection from foreign aggression, but against its own people.